How are parasite populations genetically structured within and across host individuals? space? host species?
How are parasite species structured across their geographic range? How do ecological interactions (host species, biotic dispersal), environmental characteristics, and geography interact to determine that structure?
How do antagonisms (competition, interference, predation) between species sharing a mutualist partner feedback to influence the dynamics of the system as a whole?
What are the relative roles of indirect interactions in determining population dynamics in systems of coupled mutualism and antagonism?
How does the degree of specialization of the mutualist partners affect the system’s persistence under different types of antagonistic interactions?